[The models of hepatic insufficiency and encephalopathy in animals]

The majority of the investigation methods of biochemical, morphological and metabolic disorders in hepatic insufficiency and encephalopathy occurrence are inadequate in use in clinical conditions because their invasiveness frequently creates dangerous situations to the patient life and health. That's why, to characterize the mechanisms, constituting the hepatic and cerebral damages base, for testing of a new medicinal preparations, aprobation of a new theoretical and clinical hypotheses, the models of an acute and chronic hepatic insufficiency are applied on the animals, permitting to unify the age, genetic peculiarities and physiological parameters of the individuals involved in experiments, the pathology character, its severity and longevity. Homogeneity of these indexes permits to estimate molecular, structural and functional disorders, laying in the base of pathological process. We have analyzed the experimental models of hepatic insufficiency, basing on the hepatotoxins usage--acetaminophen (paracetamol), carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, D-galactosamine, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides. Every existing pharmacological model of hepatic insufficiency and encephalopathy for animals owes its own advantages and faults. The choice of a model depends on tasks of the investigation and of the animal species, involved in the procedures.