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OXA-type carbapenemases.

Jan Walther-Rasmussen1, Niels Høiby

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, 9301, Rigshospitalet, The National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. jawalras@mail.tele.dk

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
|February 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Class D beta-lactamases, known as OXA-type carbapenemases, are increasing. These enzymes, often chromosomally encoded, contribute to carbapenem resistance in bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Class D beta-lactamases with carbapenem-hydrolysing activity (OXA-type carbapenemases) have significantly increased.
  • These enzymes are phylogenetically distinct, forming eight divergent groups, distantly related to other class D beta-lactamases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phylogeny and genetic environments of OXA-type carbapenemase encoding genes.
  • To analyze the kinetic properties of OXA-type carbapenemases.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences.
  • Investigation of gene encoding environments (chromosomal vs. plasmid, integron association).
  • Biochemical characterization of enzyme kinetics.

Main Results:

  • OXA-type carbapenemases are divided into eight distinct groups.
  • Most OXA-type carbapenemases are encoded by chromosomal genes, not typically found in integrons.
  • These enzymes are prevalent in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • Weak carbapenemase activity can lead to resistance through combined mechanisms like porin deficiency or efflux pumps.

Conclusions:

  • OXA-type carbapenemases represent a growing threat in antimicrobial resistance.
  • Understanding their genetic basis and enzymatic properties is crucial for combating resistance.
  • Combined resistance mechanisms involving OXA-type carbapenemases require further investigation.

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