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Nocturnal enuresis and overactive bladder in children: an epidemiological study
Mitsuru Kajiwara1, Katsumi Inoue, Masao Kato
1Department of Urology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. urokajiwara@yahoo.co.jp
Summary
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) affects 5.9% and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms affect 17.8% of primary schoolchildren. These conditions, along with urinary tract infections and constipation, require further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Urology
- Public Health
Background:
- Nocturnal enuresis (NE) and overactive bladder (OAB) are common conditions in childhood.
- Understanding their prevalence and associated factors in primary schoolchildren is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and characteristics of NE in primary schoolchildren.
- To assess the prevalence of OAB symptoms in the same population.
- To explore potential associations between NE, OAB, and other factors like cystitis and constipation.
Main Methods:
- An anonymous questionnaire survey was administered to 6917 primary schoolchildren across 11 schools.
- NE was defined according to International Continence Society criteria.
- OAB was defined by increased daytime frequency and/or urge urinary incontinence.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of NE was 5.9%, decreasing with age. Monosymptomatic NE (MNE) constituted 59.4% of cases.
- The prevalence of OAB was 17.8%.
- While MNE showed higher spontaneous resolution, enuretic syndrome (ES) was linked to cystitis and constipation. OAB prevalence was higher in children with a history of cystitis.
Conclusions:
- NE and OAB affect a significant proportion of primary schoolchildren (5.9% and 17.8%, respectively).
- The co-occurrence of NE, OAB symptoms, urinary tract infections, and constipation warrants further clinical attention and research.
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