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What makes a champion? Explaining variation in human athletic performance.

Tom D Brutsaert1, Esteban J Parra

  • 1Department of Anthropology, 1400 Washington Ave., The University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA. tbrutsae@csc.albany.edu

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|February 2, 2006
PubMed
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Genetic and environmental factors interact throughout life to influence athletic performance. Understanding gene-environment interactions is key to explaining variations in human physiological capabilities.

Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Sports science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Athletic performance variation stems from complex socio-cultural, psychological, and physiological factors.
  • Human physiological traits have both genetic and environmental influences, with gene-environment interactions being crucial.
  • The traditional gene-environment dichotomy is insufficient to explain performance determinants like body composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting a genetic basis for human athletic performance.
  • To examine environmental influences, particularly irreversible developmental effects on athletic capabilities.
  • To highlight the significance of gene-environment interaction (G x E) in understanding performance variation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic and environmental factors in athletic performance.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Emphasis on candidate gene studies and developmental effects (epigenetics, fetal programming, childhood/adolescence).
  • Focus on gene-environment interaction (G x E) models.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supports a significant genetic contribution to athletic performance.
    • Environmental factors, especially developmental ones, have lasting impacts on adult phenotype.
    • Gene-environment interactions are critical for understanding individual differences in physiological performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Gene-environment interactions are fundamental to understanding variation in human athletic performance.
    • Future research should integrate genomics with developmental biology to explore these interactions.
    • A holistic approach considering genetic predispositions and lifelong environmental exposures is necessary.