Distinct serum immunoglobulins pattern in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection analyzed by nephelometry

Hepatitis C has emerged as a major worldwide public health problem. The host immune response to HCV infection is composed of both a non-specific immune response, including interferon (IFN) production and natural killer (NK) cell activity, and a virus-specific immune response, including humoral and cellular components. Susceptibility to infection has been related to immunological disturbances. Several studies have provided experimental evidence of disorders of both cellular and humoral immunity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the serum immunoglobulins level (IgG, IgM, IgA) and IgG-subclasses (IgG1-4) in chronic hepatitis C patients in comparison with healthy control patients. This study included 50 patients with biochemical, serologic, virologic, and histologic evidence of chronic hepatitis C. Total IgG, IgA, and IgM were assayed by nephelometry. IgG subclasses were assayed using human IgG subclasses enzyme immunoassay. The results showed a significant increase of total serum IgG and IgM levels found in patients with chronic HCV compared with the healthy control patients (P < 0.001 for each). There was a statistically significant difference in the IgG subclasses (IgG1 to IgG4) between the patients and controls (P < 0.001 for each). On the other hand, no significant difference was found between patients and healthy controls in IgA level (P = 0.4). The normal total serum immunoglobulins pattern is apparently shifted in chronic hepatitis C infection in the Egyptian patients. This pattern may include an ethnic or biologic background and could be used in the differentiation of the patients with minimal liver disease.