Receiving bad news: patients with haematological cancer reflect upon their experience

The literature on breaking bad news (BBN) tends to focus on professional consensus rather than empirical patient evidence--the 'giver' rather than the 'receiver'. Using semi-structured interviews, this study explores the experiences of patients with haematological cancer as they reflect on the process and content of receiving bad news. Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of leukaemia or lymphoma were recruited through a haematology service during a routine clinical visit, with the decision to participate being made later. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis. Patients place importance on not being rushed during the bad news consultation and the doctor's manner. Receiving bad news was the first step on a journey, not an isolated incident. Doctors were regarded as the best judge of their information needs, with leaflets and written summaries as supplements. Patients had strong preferences about continuity and language use. Displays of empathy were important, but must be genuine. Patients wanted to know about likely emotional reactions and future support. Where patients brought a companion, they found this valuable. Patients concur with much of the content of the guidelines, but place more emphasis on their illness journey, the doctor's ability to adapt to their emotional needs, language used, information leaflets, having a companion and genuinely personalizing the approach. Reflection on these patient-derived factors may help health professionals better serve patients with serious illness.