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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

Alveolar recruitment during prone position: time matters.

Jörg Reutershan1, Andre Schmitt, Klaus Dietz

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. joerg.reutershan@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|February 3, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Prone positioning aids acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients by increasing lung volume, but recruitment varies individually over time. Measuring this response can help personalize ARDS treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Prone positioning improves oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • Patient responses to prone positioning vary, suggesting individual differences in alveolar recruitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alveolar recruitment as an individual, time-dependent process during prone positioning in ARDS.
  • To determine if measuring end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) can help personalize prone positioning therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Measured EELV in 13 ARDS patients at multiple time points during supine and prone positioning.
  • Defined responders based on a 30% increase in oxygenation.
  • Analyzed the time course of EELV changes and correlated them with oxygenation and venous admixture.

Main Results:

  • EELV increased in responders but not non-responders.
  • Alveolar recruitment occurred at different rates among individuals, with some reaching a plateau early and others requiring longer.
  • Increased lung volume correlated with improved oxygenation and reduced venous admixture.
  • Responders had lower baseline EELVs than non-responders.

Conclusions:

  • Alveolar recruitment during prone positioning is an individual, time-dependent process.
  • Monitoring EELV changes may allow for individualized 'dosing' of prone positioning.
  • This approach could help identify patients who will benefit most from prone positioning.