In-vitro and in-vivo assays for angiogenesis-modulating drug discovery and development

In the past 35 years, significant findings have been made in relation to angiogenesis, and how this usually normal physiological function is converted into an abnormal state in cancer. To search for agents that can inhibit angiogenesis, and thereby prevent a tumour from proliferation and spread that is ultimately fatal to the patient, various in-vitro assays have been developed. In addition, older assays have been refined usually into high throughput screening formats, mainly by the biopharmaceutical industry in their attempts to develop novel therapeutic molecules and maintain a pipeline of lead candidates. The central aim is to extract more accurate data that would facilitate the birth of innovative mechanisms to defeat aberrant angiogenesis in-vivo. At the same time, better in-vivo models have been established, with the goal to mimic as close as possible the natural progression of various types of neoplasms in response to a good angiogenic response. More clinically relevant models are needed as anti-angiogenesis drug discovery and drug development companies fast track their lead molecules from preclinical investigations to phase I clinical trials.