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9. Food allergy.

Scott H Sicherer1, Hugh A Sampson

  • 1The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. scott.sicherer@mssm.edu

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food allergy, an immune response to food proteins, affects many children and adults. Diagnosis involves history, lab tests, and food challenges, with avoidance and emergency therapy as current management.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Food allergy impacts 6% of children and 3-4% of adults, involving diverse symptoms via IgE-mediated or cellular mechanisms.
  • It signifies a breakdown of oral tolerance, with milk, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish being common culprits.
  • Molecular characterization of allergens is advancing the understanding of food allergy's immunopathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of food allergy, encompassing its definition, prevalence, mechanisms, diagnosis, and current management strategies.
  • To highlight the evolving understanding of food allergy as an abrogation of oral tolerance.
  • To discuss the role of molecular allergen characterization in future diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic diagnostic approach including detailed patient history.
  • Laboratory studies and elimination diets.
  • Food challenges for diagnostic confirmation and molecular allergen characterization.

Main Results:

  • Food allergies manifest with varied symptoms affecting skin, GI, and respiratory systems.
  • Common food allergens identified include milk, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish.
  • Molecular-level characterization of allergens is improving understanding and paving the way for new treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Effective diagnosis relies on a multi-step approach combining clinical history with objective testing.
  • Current management focuses on allergen avoidance and preparedness for accidental ingestion.
  • Advances in molecular allergology promise improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for food allergies.