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Predicting soil erosion for alternative land uses.

Erda Wang1, Chang Xin, Jimmy R Williams

  • 1Department of Agribusiness, Tarleton State University, Box T-0050, Stephenville, TX 76402, USA.

Journal of Environmental Quality
|February 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Reforestation effectively controls soil erosion and runoff in northwestern China, outperforming other land uses. Expanding crop production is unsustainable due to severe soil loss, highlighting the need for conservation strategies like afforestation.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Agricultural science
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Soil erosion and water runoff are critical environmental challenges in northwestern China.
  • The Agricultural Policy-Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is a widely used tool for assessing land use impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calibrate the APEX model for northwestern China's conditions.
  • To investigate the effects of alternative land uses on soil erosion and water runoff in the ZFG watershed.
  • To identify optimal land management practices for soil conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Calibrated the APEX model using data from the ZFG watershed, focusing on parameters like runoff and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) factors.
  • Simulated the impact of eight alternative land uses on soil erosion and water runoff over a 30-year period.

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  • Validated model performance with an acceptable error margin (+/-15%) for slopes exceeding 50%.

    • Main Results:

    • Reforestation emerged as the most effective land use strategy for controlling both water runoff and soil erosion.
    • Construction of a reservoir significantly reduced sediment yield but did not address upland erosion.
    • A high soil loss rate (11 Mg soil per 1 Mg crop yield) was observed, indicating unsustainable agricultural practices.

    Conclusions:

    • Reforestation is the recommended land use practice for mitigating soil erosion and water runoff in the ZFG watershed.
    • Expanding agricultural production on the ZFG watershed is not advisable due to excessive soil loss.
    • Trees are more effective than grass in controlling erosion on steep slopes due to their robust root systems.