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Transepithelial pathogen uptake into the small intestinal lamina propria.

Alexandra Vallon-Eberhard1, Limor Landsman, Nir Yogev

  • 1Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|February 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Pathogen entry into the gut lining persists even without specialized cell extensions. This suggests multiple pathways exist for antigens to enter the lamina propria, highlighting the role of M cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The lamina propria contains mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), vital for gut homeostasis and host defense.
  • Lamina propria DCs possess epithelium-penetrating dendrites, potentially accessing the intestinal lumen, but their role in pathogen uptake is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of transepithelial dendrites and lamina propria phagocytes in pathogen entry into the murine small intestine.
  • To explore alternative pathways for antigen uptake from the gut lumen.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a noninvasive model pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, in a murine small intestinal model.
  • Assessed pathogen entry in the absence of transepithelial dendrites and lamina propria macrophages/DCs.

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  • Examined pathogen uptake in BALB/c mice, where transepithelial dendrites appear absent.

    • Main Results:

    • Aspergillus fumigatus conidia entry into the lamina propria occurred independently of transepithelial dendrites and lamina propria macrophages/DCs.
    • Evidence suggests the existence of multiple pathogen entry routes into the gut.
    • Villus M cells appear important for the uptake of antigens from the gut lumen.
    • Transepithelial dendrites were notably absent in the small intestine of BALB/c mice.

    Conclusions:

    • Pathogen entry into the small intestinal lamina propria is not solely dependent on transepithelial dendrites or resident phagocytes.
    • Multiple pathways facilitate antigen uptake from the gut lumen, with M cells playing a significant role.
    • The function of transepithelial dendrites may involve selective antigen sampling rather than general uptake or tissue homeostasis.