Lung function and exercise capacity in young adults born prematurely

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Pediatric Health
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Limited data exists on long-term lung function and exercise capacity in adults born prematurely.
• Prematurity can impact respiratory and cardiovascular development, with potential lasting consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the long-term effects of prematurity on lung function and exercise capacity.
• To compare ex-preterm young adults with healthy term-born peers.

Main Methods:

• Prospective cohort study following children born before 32 weeks gestation or <1500g for 19 years.
• Lung function tests (spirometry, bodybox, diffusing capacity) and bicycle ergometer tests were performed.
• 42 ex-preterm participants and 48 healthy controls were evaluated.

Main Results:

• Ex-preterm adults showed significantly lower FEV1, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO)sb, and exercise capacity compared to controls.
• Total lung capacity (TLC) and peak oxygen consumption (Vo2) did not differ between groups.
• No significant differences were observed in lung function or exercise parameters between preterms with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Conclusions:

• Prematurity is associated with long-term airway obstruction and reduced CO diffusing capacity, though lung function often remains within normal ranges.
• Ex-preterm individuals exhibit lower exercise capacity, potentially linked to impaired physical fitness rather than solely lung function deficits.
• These findings underscore the lasting impact of prematurity on respiratory health and physical performance into adulthood.