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Recurrent pneumothorax at an infant with miliary tuberculosis

M Ayşin Taşar1, Ilknur Bostanci, Sinan Aslan

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks
|February 4, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Pneumothorax, a rare complication of miliary tuberculosis (TB), can occur months into treatment in infants. This case highlights delayed pneumothorax during anti-TB therapy in a seven-month-old girl.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a severe disseminated form of TB.
  • Pneumothorax is a known, albeit rare, complication of TB.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric TB.

Observation:

  • A seven-month-old infant with miliary TB developed acute respiratory distress and cyanosis.
  • Chest radiography revealed pneumothorax in the right lung during anti-TB therapy.
  • The infant experienced recurrent pneumothorax in the same hemithorax after initial treatment.

Findings:

  • Pneumothorax can manifest later in the course of anti-TB treatment, not just at diagnosis or early stages.
  • This case represents the first reported instance of pneumothorax developing during anti-TB therapy in an infant with miliary TB.
  • Recurrence of pneumothorax underscores the potential for delayed complications.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for delayed pneumothorax in infants with miliary TB undergoing treatment.
  • Extended monitoring may be necessary for pediatric patients with miliary TB, even after initial stabilization.
  • This case contributes to understanding the diverse and sometimes delayed complications of miliary TB in infants.

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