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A single administration of testosterone reduces fear-potentiated startle in humans
Erno J Hermans1, Peter Putman, Johanna M Baas
1Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. E.Hermans@fss.uu.nl
Background:
Ample evidence from animal research indicates that the gonadal steroid hormone testosterone has fear-reducing properties. Human data on this topic, however, are scarce and far less unequivocal. The present study therefore aimed to scrutinize anxiolytic effects of a single dose of testosterone, using a direct physiological index of fear in humans.
Methods:
Twenty healthy female participants were tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design involving sublingual administration of a single dose of testosterone. Four hours after intake, we assessed effects on baseline startle and fear-potentiated startle in a verbal threat-of-shock paradigm.
Results:
In accordance with predictions, testosterone administration resulted in reduced fear-potentiated startle, without affecting baseline startle.
Conclusions:
This study provides direct evidence that a single dose of testosterone reduces fear in humans. The relationship of this effect to previous research on anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines, as well as possible mechanisms of action, is discussed.
