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Histamine and gastric acid secretion. A review
1Dept. of Physiology and Medical Biophysics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement
|January 1, 1991
Summary
Histamine stimulates stomach acid secretion by acting on parietal cells via H2-receptors. Its precise role in proton transport and cell transformation remains under investigation.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Cell Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Histamine identified as a potent stimulus for gastric acid secretion in 1920.
- Initially, histamine was erroneously equated with the hormone gastrin for two decades.
- Histamine acts on parietal cells, the primary site of acid production.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the mechanism of histamine-stimulated acid secretion.
- To investigate the role of cyclic AMP in this process.
- To elucidate potential targets for acid secretion inhibitors.
Main Methods:
- Receptor-mediated stimulation of parietal cells.
- Analysis of histamine's dynamic interaction with H2-receptors.
- Investigation of cyclic AMP signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- Histamine stimulates parietal cells through H2-receptors with continuous turnover.
- Cyclic AMP is generated upon receptor stimulation, but its link to proton transport is unclear.
- Histamine may induce significant morphologic changes in parietal cells during acid secretion.
Conclusions:
- Histamine is a key regulator of gastric acid secretion via H2-receptors.
- The exact mechanism coupling cyclic AMP to proton transport requires further research.
- Understanding histamine's action may reveal new targets for developing acid inhibitors.
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