Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026
07:33
A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia
Published on: May 21, 2010
Plus minus lid syndrome with ataxia
V S Kotwal1, V V Shenoy, S R Joshi
1Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|February 8, 2006
Summary
Plus minus lid syndrome, a rare ocular condition causing eyelid asymmetry, was observed with ataxia in a patient with a vascular mesencephalic lesion. This case highlights a potential link between this specific syndrome and neurological deficits.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-ophthalmology
- Vascular Neurology
Background:
- Plus minus lid syndrome is an uncommon ocular motor disorder.
- It is defined by unilateral ptosis and contralateral eyelid retraction.
Observation:
- A patient presented with clinical features consistent with plus minus lid syndrome.
- The syndrome was accompanied by ataxia, indicating a broader neurological involvement.
Findings:
- The patient's condition was attributed to a vascular lesion in the mesencephalon.
- Manual elevation of the ipsilateral eyelid did not resolve the contralateral eyelid retraction, a characteristic feature.
Implications:
- This case suggests a potential association between vascular mesencephalic lesions and the development of plus minus lid syndrome.
- Further research is warranted to explore the neuroanatomical pathways involved in this syndrome and its relationship with ataxia.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Botulism
Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
01:12Alterations in Muscle Tone ll
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
01:19Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
01:21Huntington Disease l: Introduction
Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
01:33Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
01:11Alterations in Muscle Tone lll
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...