Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
Published on: July 3, 2014
Patient and staff doses in radiology and cardiology in Estonia
1Estonian Radiation Protection Centre, Kopli 76, 10416 Tallinn, Estonia. irafilippova@yahoo.co.in
Abstract:
This paper presents a short description of the Estonian radiological facilities and the doses to staff in radiology and cardiology. For each major work practice, the annual (2002) average effective doses are listed: X-ray diagnostics (radiologists: 1.11 mSv; radiographers: 1.03 mSv), interventional radiology (doctors in cardioangiography: 6.04 mSv; radiologist in angiography: 2.71 mSv), nuclear medicine (radiologists: 0.91 mSv; technicians: 2.41 mSv) and radiotherapy (radiologists: 1.00 mSv; technicians: 1.04 mSv). This paper also presents the first results of adult patient dose measurements in diagnostic X-ray departments in Estonia. The average entrance skin dose for chest PA examinations was 0.3 mGy, for chest LAT 0.9 mGy, for lumbar spine AP 6.4 mGy, for lumbar spine LAT 10.7 mGy and for pelvis AP 3.9 mGy.
Related Concept Videos
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
