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Hyperglycemia in the critically ill patient.
Michelle M Gearhart1, Shilpa K Parbhoo
1Department of Pharmacy Services, University Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA. powermm@healthall.com
AACN Clinical Issues
|February 8, 2006
Summary
Critically ill patients often experience hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar. Tight glucose control using intensive insulin therapy protocols can reduce complications and mortality in these patients.
Area of Science:
- Critical care medicine
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are prevalent in critically ill patients, irrespective of diabetes history.
- Stress-induced hyperglycemia poses a risk to all critically ill patients.
- Certain underlying conditions and medical interventions can increase hyperglycemia risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of stress-induced hyperglycemia in critical illness.
- To examine the evidence supporting tight glycemic control.
- To highlight the significance of intensive insulin therapy protocols for standardized critical care.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on hyperglycemia in critical illness.
- Analysis of evidence for tight glucose control benefits.
- Discussion of intensive insulin therapy protocols.
Main Results:
- Tight glucose control is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
- Understanding pathophysiology aids in managing stress-induced hyperglycemia.
- Standardized protocols improve treatment consistency.
Conclusions:
- Intensive insulin therapy is crucial for managing hyperglycemia in critical care.
- Tight glycemic control improves patient outcomes.
- Further research supports standardized treatment protocols.