Mineral changes in osteoporosis: a review
Dan Faibish1, Susan M Ott, Adele L Boskey
1Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|February 8, 2006
Summary
Osteoporotic bone shows altered mineral composition and content, impacting bone strength. While raloxifene treatment increased bone mineral content, it did not significantly alter bone mineral crystallinity.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedics
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mineral density and altered bone quality, increasing fracture risk.
- Bone strength is influenced by mineral composition, crystallinity, and content, which differ between osteoporotic and healthy individuals.
- Understanding these mineralization parameters is crucial for developing effective osteoporosis treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evidence linking bone mineralization parameters to bone strength.
- To examine methods used for assessing bone mineralization.
- To analyze bone biopsies from the Multiple Outcomes in Raloxifene Evaluation trial to evaluate treatment effects on bone quality.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on bone mineralization and fracture resistance.
- Infrared imaging spectroscopy used to analyze bone biopsies.
- Biopsies were obtained from placebo, low-dose, and high-dose raloxifene groups at baseline and 2-year follow-up.
Main Results:
- Raloxifene treatment led to comparable increases in bone mineral content across all dosage groups.
- No significant variations in bone mineral crystallinity were observed between treatment groups or over time.
- Infrared imaging spectroscopy proved effective in assessing bone mineralization parameters.
Conclusions:
- Bone mineral content, but not crystallinity, is a modifiable parameter with raloxifene treatment.
- Mineralization parameters play a significant role in bone's mechanical properties and fracture resistance.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between bone quality and osteoporosis treatment efficacy.
Related Concept Videos
01:40Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
01:29Bone Disorders
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
01:25Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
01:02What is the Skeletal System?
Overview