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Linking community and ecosystem development on Mount St. Helens.

Richard A Gill1, Jennifer A Boie, John G Bishop

  • 1Program in Environmental Science and Regional Planning, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4430, USA. rgill@wsu.edu

Oecologia
|February 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Nitrogen (N) fertilization boosted Mount St. Helens plant growth but reduced the dominant Lupinus lepidus. Phosphorus (P) addition later increased L. lepidus, suggesting co-limitation by N and P in primary succession.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological succession
  • Plant community dynamics
  • Soil science

Background:

  • Lupinus lepidus, a nitrogen-fixing plant, influences plant community and soil development at Mount St. Helens post-1980 eruption.
  • Heterogeneity in plant communities and soil development is linked to L. lepidus patch density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate nutrient availability and plant tissue chemistry differences between dense (core) and sparse (edge) L. lepidus patches.
  • Determine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation in early primary succession using a factorial fertilization experiment.

Main Methods:

  • Compared nutrient availability and L. lepidus tissue chemistry in core versus edge patches.
  • Applied factorial N and P fertilization in core patches to assess plant community responses.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in N or P availability between core and edge patches; overall low nutrient availability.
  • Core L. lepidus patches showed lower tissue N and higher fiber content.
  • N addition increased other forb biomass (notably Hypochaeris radicata) and decreased L. lepidus biomass.
  • N addition significantly increased total community biomass but reduced L. lepidus by over 50% in the second year.
  • P addition led to an increase in L. lepidus abundance by the third year.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen appears to be the primary limiting macronutrient for plant production at Mount St. Helens, though its addition negatively impacts the dominant L. lepidus.
  • The study suggests co-limitation by both nitrogen and phosphorus for the broader plant community, with L. lepidus responding positively to P addition over time.