Ceftriaxone or HIV associated angio-oedema? Case report

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Allergy and Immunology
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Angio-oedema, characterized by localized swelling, can be hereditary or acquired, often linked to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
• Acquired angio-oedema is less common than hereditary angio-oedema and associated with immune deficiencies, cancers, and specific exposures.
• Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection can be a predisposing factor for acquired angio-oedema.

Observation:

• A seven-year-old, HIV-positive girl developed severe tongue and neck swelling.
• The swelling occurred during treatment for pneumococcal meningitis with ceftriaxone.
• This presentation mimicked allergic reactions but was suspected to be drug-induced angio-oedema.

Findings:

• The case illustrates a rare presentation of acquired angio-oedema in a pediatric patient with HIV.
• Ceftriaxone was the suspected trigger for the angio-oedema episode.
• Diagnostic challenges were encountered due to limited resources and the complexity of the patient's condition.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering acquired angio-oedema in HIV-positive individuals presenting with unexplained swelling.
• It highlights the need for heightened awareness and diagnostic strategies for angio-oedema in resource-limited settings.
• Further research into the association between HIV, specific medications, and acquired angio-oedema is warranted.