Effects of ischemic preconditioning on blood-brain barrier permeability and MMP-9 expression of ischemic brain

The study was designed to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in subsequent ischemic hemisphere. Rats were divided into four groups, one group was used as control, and the other three groups were given three different pretreatments: the first group received a saline injection into the right internal carotid artery (SI), the second group underwent both left and right carotid arteries occlusion (BCAO), and the third group was treated with BCAO and SI simultaneously (BS). After 24 hours of pretreatments, the focal cerebral ischemia was induced by inserting a thread into the right middle cerebral artery causing occlusion (MCAO). Brain water content, BBB permeability and MMP-9 expression of ischemic hemisphere brains were measured at 24 and 48 hours after MCAO. After 24 and 48 hours MCAO, averages for brain water content were 82.92 and 83.12% in BS group, 85.19 and 85.73% in SI group and 86.06 and 85.88% in BCAO group. Evans blue content of ischemic hemispheres were 14.01 and 11.74 microg/mm(3) at 24 and 48 hours after MCAO in BS group, which were lower than the other two groups, 16.22, 15.01 and 16.61, 15.58 microg/mm(3), respectively (p<0.01). The expression levels of MMP-9 in ischemic hemisphere in BS were lower than that in other two groups (p<0.01). Therefore, ischemic preconditioning could ameliorate brain edema and BBB disruption caused by subsequent cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning could decrease MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression, which may be an important mechanism of cerebral ischemic tolerance.