Flexor digitorum superficialis--revisited

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Orthopedics
• Hand Surgery

Background:

• The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) is a median nerve innervated forearm muscle.
• FDS tendons, particularly from the middle and ring fingers, are commonly used for tendon transfers in palsied hands due to leprosy.
• Understanding FDS anatomy and function is crucial for successful tendon transfers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the anatomy of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle.
• To analyze the functional capabilities of FDS tendons in different fingers.
• To explore the effects of FDS tendon removal on hand function.

Main Methods:

• Review of anatomical literature on the flexor digitorum superficialis.
• Analysis of functional outcomes in tendon transfer surgeries utilizing FDS.
• Discussion of the digastric nature of the FDS muscle complex.

Main Results:

• The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) is a complex digastric muscle with a common proximal tendon belly.
• The FDS tendon to the middle finger is independent, while others may exhibit varying degrees of interdependence.
• Removal of FDS tendons has both advantages and disadvantages for hand function.

Conclusions:

• The complex anatomy of the FDS muscle, with its common tendon and independent bellies, must be considered in tendon transfer planning.
• Non-synergistic transfers using FDS tendons can lead to functional deficits.
• Careful selection and surgical technique are essential when using FDS tendons for functional restoration in palsied hands.