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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

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Delayed tuberculosis diagnosis and tuberculosis transmission.

J E Golub1, S Bur, W A Cronin

  • 1School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1820 Lancaster St, Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. jgolub@jhmi.edu

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|February 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Delayed tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in US-born patients significantly increases TB transmission to close contacts. Longer treatment delays are linked to higher infection rates, identifying high-risk contacts for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Tuberculosis Research

Background:

  • A significant proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients experience treatment delays exceeding 90 days.
  • Understanding factors contributing to TB transmission is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the duration of TB treatment delay and the transmission of TB infection to close contacts.
  • To identify patient-specific factors associated with increased TB transmission.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study analyzed data from TB patients and their close contacts in Maryland (2000-2001).
  • Tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were administered to assess TB infection among contacts.
  • Statistical analysis, including adjusted odds ratios (aOR), was used to determine associations.

Main Results:

  • Contacts of US-born TB patients with treatment delays of ≥90 days showed higher TST positivity rates (40%) compared to those with shorter delays (24%).
  • Factors like black race, sputum smear positivity for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and chest radiograph cavitation were associated with increased TST positivity in contacts of US-born cases.
  • No significant association was found between treatment delays in foreign-born TB patients and TST positivity among their contacts.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed TB diagnosis in US-born individuals is a significant factor associated with increased TB transmission to close contacts.
  • Treatment delay can serve as an independent indicator for identifying contacts at higher risk of TB infection.
  • These findings highlight the importance of timely TB diagnosis and management to curb disease transmission.