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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Progress and regression within primary Sjögren's syndrome.

R Manthorpe1, A Bredberg, G Henriksson

  • 1Outpatients Department, Sjögren's Syndrome Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden. Manthorpe@inet.uni2.dk

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology
|February 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Primary Sjögren

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a prevalent autoimmune rheumatic disease.
  • Research interest has grown, yet funding remains disproportionately low compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • SS continues to be under-diagnosed, under-treated, and under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a contemporary overview of key aspects of primary Sjögren's syndrome.
  • To update knowledge on clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, etiology, treatment, and prognosis.
  • To highlight areas requiring further investigation and research focus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent advancements and established knowledge.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and prognostic indicators.

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  • Exploration of pathogenetic mechanisms, including the Danger model and IgG4-related pathology.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical manifestations encompass a range of signs and symptoms, with specific predictors for non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHML).
    • Current treatment strategies and prognostic factors are reviewed.
    • The Danger model offers insights into aetiopathogenesis, alongside the role of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive cells in pathology.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary Sjögren's syndrome warrants increased research attention and funding.
    • A comprehensive understanding of its clinical, pathogenetic, and pathological facets is crucial for improved patient outcomes.
    • Further research is needed to address the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of SS.