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Cytoskeleton and morphogenesis in brown algae.

Christos Katsaros1, Demosthenes Karyophyllis, Basil Galatis

  • 1University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, Athens 157 84, Greece. ckatsaro@biol.uoa.gr

Annals of Botany
|February 10, 2006
PubMed
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Microtubules and actin filaments are crucial for brown algal cell morphogenesis, influencing cell wall formation, polarity, and division. Actin filaments, in particular, show novel cooperative roles with microtubules in these processes.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Cellular morphogenesis relies on cytoskeleton dynamics and cell wall expansion.
  • In brown algae, microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs) are vital for polarity, cell division, and tip growth.
  • Brown algal vegetative cells possess centrosomes but lack a cortical MT cytoskeleton.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of MTs and AFs in brown algal cell morphogenesis.
  • To understand the involvement of cytoskeletal elements in cell wall formation and polarity maintenance.
  • To explore potential cooperation between MTs and AFs.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies of MT organization.
  • Nocodazole treatment to disrupt MTs and observe effects on cell growth and morphology.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Rhodamine-Phalloidin staining to visualize F-actin networks.
  • Cytochalasin B treatment to inhibit AFs and assess impacts on cell processes.

    • Main Results:

    • MTs are essential for cell morphogenesis, mitosis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity.
    • Disrupting MTs inhibits growth, causes cell bulging, and affects nuclear positioning.
    • AFs form extensive networks involved in mitosis, cytokinesis, polarity maintenance, and lateral branching.
    • Cortical AFs align with cellulose microfibrils, indicating a role in cell wall morphogenesis.
    • Cytochalasin B treatment disrupts mitosis, cytokinesis, tip growth, and microfibril deposition.

    Conclusions:

    • Both MTs and AFs are integral to brown algal cell morphogenesis.
    • Cytoskeletal elements influence cell wall formation, cell polarization, and cell division mechanisms.
    • Actin filaments play a novel, potentially cooperative role with microtubules in these cellular processes.