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Neuropsychological frameworks for understanding autism.

R M Joseph1

  • 1Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center.

International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
|February 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review critically examines three leading neuropsychological theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including executive dysfunction, weak central coherence, and limbic system hypotheses, to advance understanding of its core impairments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents complex behavioral diversity.
  • Neuropsychological theories aim to unify these behaviors via psychological mechanisms and brain bases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review and evaluate three prominent neuropsychological theories of autism.
  • To examine the primary hypothesized deficits and supporting research for each theory.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing neuropsychological theories of autism.
  • Evaluation of empirical research supporting each hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • The article assesses the executive dysfunction, weak central coherence, and limbic system hypotheses of autism.
  • Each theory's proposed core deficit and supporting evidence are critically examined.

Conclusions:

  • Current metatheoretical assumptions in identifying a single "core" neuropsychological deficit in autism are questioned.
  • New approaches for a more comprehensive neuropsychological understanding of autism are proposed.

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