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Related Experiment Videos

Placental adaptive responses and fetal programming.

Leslie Myatt1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, PO Box 670526, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. leslie.myatt@uc.edu

The Journal of Physiology
|February 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Fetal programming links abnormal placental development to adult diseases like diabetes. Insults such as hypoxia and poor nutrition disrupt placental function, impacting fetal development and long-term health.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Fetal programming links in utero developmental disruptions to adult-onset diseases.
  • The placenta is critical for regulating maternal-fetal nutrient and hormonal exchange.
  • Disruptions in placental development can alter fetal growth and long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how placental development is influenced by environmental factors during gestation.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which placental dysfunction leads to fetal programming.
  • To identify key insults affecting placental development and their consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fetal programming and placental development.
  • Analysis of the impact of hypoxia, nutrient status, and oxidative stress on placental function.

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  • Examination of placental adaptations and epigenetic modifications in response to insults.

    • Main Results:

    • Placental development is a sensitive cascade vulnerable to disruption by insults like hypoxia and altered maternal nutrition.
    • The placenta may adapt to insults via transporter expression changes or epigenetic regulation.
    • Increased trophoblast hypoxia, oxidative stress, and nitrative stress are associated with conditions like IUGR and pre-eclampsia.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and nitrative stress are key factors altering placental development.
    • These placental changes are linked to fetal programming, potentially causing adult diseases.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for preventing adverse developmental outcomes.