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Hominin lower second premolar morphology: evolutionary inferences through geometric morphometric analysis.

M Martinón-Torres¹, M Bastir, J M Bermúdez de Castro

¹Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre Evolución Humana (CENIEH), C/Toledo 4-5th, 09004 Burgos, Spain. maria.martinon.torres@gmail.com

Journal of Human Evolution

|February 14, 2006

Summary

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Mandibular premolars (P4) reveal evolutionary patterns in hominins. Integrating internal and external features shows distinct traits in Homo species, reflecting dental reduction trends.

Area of Science:

Paleoanthropology
Dental Morphology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Mandibular premolars (P4) are crucial for hominin fossil analysis.
Quantitative assessment is challenging due to a lack of discrete anatomical structures.
Previous studies focused on either internal crown features or external crown outline.

Observation:

This study integrates internal and external P4 morphology using 34 2D landmarks.
Data from 96 lower P4s across fossil hominin species, emphasizing genus Homo, were analyzed.
The analysis combines classical dental landmarks and sliding semilandmarks of the crown outline.

Findings:

External P4 shape variation correlates with occlusal features and dental size.
P4 morphology exhibits polymorphism, useful for tracking primitive-to-derived gradients.

Related Experiment Videos

Primitive traits include asymmetrical contour, mesial metaconid, bulging talonid, and broad occlusal polygon.

Pleistocene dental reduction led to variants with reduced occlusal polygons and lingual surfaces.

Homo heidelbergensis/neanderthalensis retain primitive traits, while modern humans show symmetrical outlines and reduced talonids.

Implications:

P4 morphology provides insights into hominin evolutionary trajectories and dental reduction.
The study refines methods for analyzing fossil hominin dental variation.
Understanding P4 evolution aids in distinguishing between archaic and modern human lineages.