Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
10:19

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: August 25, 2022

Reconstitution of Rab4-dependent vesicle formation in vitro

Adriana Pagano, Martin Spiess

    Methods in Enzymology
    |February 14, 2006
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth07:10

    In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

    Published on: June 28, 2019

    Optimized Production and Analysis of Recombinant Protein-Filled Vesicles from E. coli05:19

    Optimized Production and Analysis of Recombinant Protein-Filled Vesicles from E. coli

    Published on: June 30, 2023

    Related Concept Videos

    Rab Cascades01:25

    Rab Cascades

    Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
    Rab Proteins01:14

    Rab Proteins

    Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
    Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
    SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

    SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

    Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
    SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
    Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

    Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

    Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
    Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

    Vesicular Tubular Clusters

    After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
    With the help of motor proteins such...
    Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

    Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

    Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...