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Eastern equine encephalitis in dogs.

Michele D Farrar1, Debra L Miller, Charles A Baldwin

  • 1The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, Tifton 31793, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|February 16, 2006
PubMed
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Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) caused neurological disease in 12 young dogs in Georgia. Diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation and RT-PCR, highlighting EEEV as a cause of canine encephalitis.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), an Alphavirus, is endemic in the Southeastern US.
  • Canine neurological disorders necessitate accurate diagnosis and etiological identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of EEEV in causing neurological disease in domestic canines.
  • To characterize the clinical and pathological findings associated with EEEV infection in puppies.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem examinations were conducted on 101 neurologically impaired dogs.
  • Histopathological analysis of canine brains was performed.
  • EEEV was isolated from brain homogenates and confirmed using indirect fluorescent antibody testing and RT-PCR.

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Main Results:

  • Twelve puppies (<6 months old) exhibited neurological signs and brain lesions consistent with EEEV infection.
  • Histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltrates in the brain and meninges.
  • EEEV was confirmed in all 12 cases via virus isolation and molecular methods; a positive serum neutralization titer was observed in one case.

Conclusions:

  • EEEV is a confirmed cause of fatal neurological disease in young dogs.
  • Clinical signs and neuropathological findings in affected puppies are described.
  • This study underscores the potential for EEEV to cause significant morbidity and mortality in domestic canines.