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Martial arts fall techniques decrease the impact forces at the hip during sideways falling.

B E Groen1, V Weerdesteyn, J Duysens

  • 1Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Development and Education, P.O. Box 9011, 6500 GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. b.groen@maartenskliniek.nl

Journal of Biomechanics
|February 17, 2006
PubMed
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Martial arts (MA) fall techniques significantly reduce hip impact force by lowering impact velocity and altering trunk orientation. These methods, even without arm breaks, can help prevent elderly hip fractures.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Falls in the elderly pose a high risk for hip fractures.
  • Previous research suggests martial arts (MA) fall techniques may reduce hip impact force.
  • The mechanisms behind this reduction and the role of hand impact remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of hand impact, impact velocity, and trunk orientation on hip impact force reduction in MA fall techniques.
  • To understand the biomechanical factors contributing to safer falls in martial arts.
  • To assess whether arm use is critical for MA techniques to reduce hip impact.

Main Methods:

  • Six experienced judokas executed sideways falls from a kneeling position.
  • Three techniques were compared: a control arm block, an MA technique using the arm (MA-a), and an MA technique without arm use (MA-na).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hip impact force, impact velocity, and trunk orientation were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • MA techniques (MA-a and MA-na) reduced hip impact force by 27.5% and 30%, respectively.
    • Impact velocity was significantly lower in MA falls.
    • Trunk orientation was less vertical in MA-a falls, with no significant differences between MA techniques.
    • Arm use was not essential for hip impact force reduction.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced hip impact force in MA falls is linked to lower impact velocity and less vertical trunk orientation.
    • The characteristic rolling motion in MA falls likely contributes to impact force dissipation.
    • MA fall techniques show promise for integration into fall prevention strategies for the elderly.