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Related Experiment Videos

Brain development and ADHD.

Amy L Krain1, F Xavier Castellanos

  • 1Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Clinical Psychology Review
|February 17, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) involves inattention and impulsivity, potentially linked to brain circuit dysfunction. MRI studies reveal structural brain differences in children with ADHD, aiding understanding of neurophysiology.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
  • Neuropsychological deficits in response inhibition and executive functioning are implicated in ADHD.
  • Dysfunction in frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits is hypothesized as a cause of ADHD behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate anatomical brain differences in children with ADHD compared to controls.
  • To explore the relationship between specific ADHD phenotypes and brain structure alterations.
  • To advance the understanding of ADHD neurophysiology through structural neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed over the past decade.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantified differences in total cerebral volume between ADHD and control groups.
  • Examined specific brain regions including prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, and cerebellum.
  • Assessed variations in both gray matter and white matter composition.

    • Main Results:

    • MRI studies have identified specific anatomical differences in brain regions associated with ADHD.
    • Variations in total cerebral volume and regional brain structures were observed.
    • Differences in gray and white matter volumes were noted between ADHD and control children.

    Conclusions:

    • Structural brain differences are evident in children with ADHD.
    • MRI findings contribute to understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of ADHD.
    • Further research can link specific ADHD phenotypes to distinct brain structure alterations.