Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide metabolism in soybean embryonic axes during germination

The total rate of mitochondrial O2- production in the presence of NADH as substrate increased from 200 to 1340 pmol/min per axis between 2 and 30 h of imbibition. The activities of the enzymes involved in hydroperoxide metabolism, e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione and ascorbate peroxidases, markedly changed during the germination of soybean embryonic axes. Superoxide dismutase was the enzymatic activity affected the most during the initial stages of germination. Intracellular O2- steady-state concentration, calculated from the rate of O2- production and superoxide dismutase activity, showed a 2-fold increase from 2 x 10(-8) M to 4 x 10(-8) M in germination phase I, declined in phase II to 2 x 10(-8) M and remained constant over the rest of the incubation period. The reaction of H2O2 and luminol catalyzed by Co2+ was utilized to measure H2O2 diffused out of the soybean axes after 5 to 10 min of incubation. The catalase-sensitive luminol emission of diffusates prepared from axes previously imbibed from 2 to 30 h corresponded to a H2O2 intracellular steady-state concentration in the range of 0.3 to 0.9 microM. The activity of metal-containing antioxidant enzymes was determined in the extracellular fluid. Cell wall peroxidase activity increased from 10 to 300 mumol/min per mg protein and appears as a potentially important pathway for H2O2 utilization. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism in soybean embryonic axes during early inhibition appears to have the following main features: (a) mitochondrial membranes are the most important source of cytosolic O2- and H2O2; (b) H2O2 is regulated at a steady-state concentration of 0.3-0.9 microM; (c) catalase is the main enzyme in terms of H2O2 utilization; (d) H2O2 exo-diffusion is quantitatively important destiny of intracellular H2O2; and (e) extracellular peroxidase located at the cell wall affords an enzymatic system able to use diffused H2O2.