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Related Experiment Videos

Cytarabine and neurologic toxicity.

W J Baker1, G L Royer, R B Weiss

  • 1Section of Medical Oncology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20307-5001.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|April 11, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Cytarabine effectively treats hematologic cancers but can cause neurotoxicity. Understanding cytarabine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cytarabine is a key chemotherapy agent for hematologic malignancies.
  • Common toxicities include myelosuppression and gastrointestinal issues.
  • Neurotoxicity is an emerging concern with cytarabine treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of cytarabine-induced neurotoxicity.
  • To identify risk factors associated with neurotoxicity.
  • To emphasize the need for understanding neuronal injury mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cytarabine neurotoxicity.
  • Analysis of reported cases and risk factors.
  • Pharmacological and pathophysiological considerations.

Main Results:

  • Intrathecal (IT) cytarabine can cause reversible myelopathy.
  • Combined IT cytarabine and cranial irradiation may lead to leukoencephalopathy.
  • High-dose intravenous (IV) cytarabine is linked to seizures, cerebral dysfunction, and cerebellar syndrome (up to 14% incidence).

Conclusions:

  • Patient age over 60 is a significant risk factor for neurotoxicity.
  • Drug dose, schedule, cumulative dose, organ dysfunction, and certain antiemetics can influence risk.
  • Further research into cytarabine's neurotoxic mechanisms is crucial for optimizing its safe and effective use.

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