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Time-dependent entropy evolution in microscopic and macroscopic electromagnetic relaxation.

James Baker-Jarvis¹

¹National Institute of Standards and Technology, Electromagnetics Division, MS 818.01, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA. jjarvis@boulder.nist.gov

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|February 21, 2006

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This study explores entropy

Area of Science:

Thermodynamics and Electromagnetism

Background:

Understanding entropy evolution in electromagnetic interactions is key.
Bridging electromagnetism and thermodynamics requires a statistical-mechanical approach.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate entropy and its time/frequency domain evolution under electromagnetic fields.
To develop a Liouville-based statistical-mechanical theory for electromagnetic interactions.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a Liouville-based statistical-mechanical theory.
Employing projection-operator based nonequilibrium entropy.
Deriving equations for entropy and entropy production.

Main Results:

Microscopic entropy is shown to be reversible.
Macroscopic entropy satisfies a theorem.

Related Experiment Videos

Spectral entropy development aids in studying material frequency response.

Conclusions:

The theory is applied to polarization, magnetization, and macroscopic fields.
The relationship between frequency-domain entropy and material properties (permittivity, permeability, impedance) is discussed.