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Model for polymorphic transitions in bacterial flagella.

Srikanth V Srigiriraju1, Thomas R Powers

  • 1Division of Engineering, Box D, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|February 21, 2006
PubMed
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Bacterial flagellar filaments change shape through polymorphism, driven by molecular switches controlling extension and twist. This study models these transformations using continuum rod theory, explaining shape changes under various conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize rotating helical flagellar filaments for motility.
  • Flagellar filaments exhibit polymorphic transformations, altering helical pitch and radius.
  • These transformations are triggered by mechanical load, environmental factors, and genetic mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model explaining flagellar filament polymorphism.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying shape changes in bacterial flagella.
  • To predict flagellar filament behavior under different conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A coarse-grained continuum rod theory based on filament quaternary structure was developed.
  • The model incorporates two molecular switches: one for protofilament extension and one for twist.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phase diagrams were calculated to map filament shapes and responses to external forces.

    • Main Results:

    • The model explains curved filament shapes arising from mismatch strain in the filament's inner core.
    • A second molecular switch, driven by lateral protofilament interactions, accounts for twist.
    • Cooperative subunit interactions within protofilaments ensure stable helical states.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed continuum rod theory successfully models bacterial flagellar filament polymorphism.
    • The model identifies key molecular switches and strain mechanisms governing filament shape.
    • This work provides a framework for understanding flagellar mechanics and evolution.