Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

10:37
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Published on: January 9, 2014
Mass and KLamda coupling of the N*(1535)
Physical Review Letters
|February 21, 2006
Summary
Researchers determined the coupling constant ratio for the N*(1535) resonance to kaon-Lambda and eta particles. This finding impacts the understanding of the N*(1535) resonance
Area of Science:
- Particle Physics
- Nuclear Physics
- Hadron Spectroscopy
Background:
- The N*(1535) is a nucleon resonance with implications for understanding hadron structure.
- Previous studies have established coupling constants for N*(1535) to eta mesons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the coupling constant of the N*(1535) resonance to kaon-Lambda.
- To investigate the impact of this coupling on the N*(1535) resonance properties.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a resonance isobar model and an effective Lagrangian approach.
- Analyzed recent experimental data from BES on J/psi decays.
Main Results:
- Deduced the ratio of effective coupling constants gN*(1535)KLamda / gN*(1535)peta to be 1.3 ± 0.3.
- The calculated gN*(1535)KLamda reproduced near-threshold cross-section data for pp → pK+Lambda.
- The Breit-Wigner mass of N*(1535) was found to be approximately 1400 MeV when including the kaon-Lambda coupling.
Conclusions:
- The coupling of N*(1535) to kaon-Lambda is significant.
- The N*(1535) resonance mass is substantially lower than previously estimated when kaon-Lambda coupling is considered.
- This suggests a revised understanding of the nature of the N*(1535) resonance.
Related Concept Videos
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

