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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

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Published on: March 12, 2016

The relationship between recurrent optic disc hemorrhage and glaucoma progression.

Seok Hwan Kim1, Ki Ho Park

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.

Ophthalmology
|February 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent disc hemorrhages (DH) in glaucoma patients indicate faster optic nerve head damage compared to single DH events. However, clinical characteristics and visual field progression remain similar between groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Optic Nerve Head Imaging

Background:

  • Disc hemorrhages (DH) are indicators of glaucoma progression.
  • Understanding the impact of recurrent versus single DH is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical characteristics and progression rates of glaucoma between patients experiencing recurrent and single disc hemorrhages (DH).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective comparative case series involving 57 eyes of 54 glaucoma patients with DH.
  • Patients were followed for at least 1 year, with groups defined by single (1 episode) or recurrent (≥2 episodes) DH.
  • Outcomes measured included optic disc and visual field (VF) deterioration.

Main Results:

  • 45.6% of eyes experienced recurrent DH; 54.4% had single DH.
  • Recurrent DH was associated with significantly greater optic disc deterioration (P = 0.004).
  • No significant difference in the rate of visual field deterioration was observed between groups (P = 0.10).

Conclusions:

  • Glaucoma patients with recurrent DH show similar clinical characteristics to those with single DH.
  • Recurrent disc hemorrhages may signify a more rapid progression of optic nerve head damage in glaucoma.