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Related Experiment Videos

Antigen-specific responses accelerate bacterial clearance in the bladder.

Praveen Thumbikat1, Carl Waltenbaugh, Anthony J Schaeffer

  • 1Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|February 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive immunity protects against recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Studies show T cells and antibodies generated after an initial infection significantly reduce bacterial colonization upon reinfection, preventing UTIs.

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Reply by Authors.

Urology practice·2026

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Urology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, causing significant morbidity and economic burden.
  • Recurrent UTIs affect 25% of women, suggesting a role for adaptive immunity.
  • Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of UTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize adaptive immune responses to UPEC.
  • To investigate the protective role of adaptive immunity against UPEC reinfection.

Main Methods:

  • A novel murine model of UTI reinfection was established using UPEC with an antigenic marker.
  • Bacterial colonization was quantified after primary and secondary infections.
  • Immune responses, including antibody titers, T cell activation, and T cell proliferation, were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Mice developed anti-UPEC specific IgG and IgM titers and T cell activation after initial infection.
  • Reinfection resulted in a 95% reduction in bacterial colonization.
  • Adoptive transfer of immune T cells or serum conferred protection against UPEC colonization in naive mice.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive immune responses to UPEC provide protection against reinfection.
  • These findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying UTI susceptibility and protection.