Aqueous garlic extract inhibits protamine sulfate-induced bladder damage

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Pharmacology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Protamine sulfate (PS) can induce bladder injury.
• Oxidative stress is implicated in PS-induced damage.
• Antioxidant therapies may offer protection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) on PS-induced bladder injury in rats.
• To evaluate the protective role of AGE against morphological and biochemical changes in the bladder mucosa.

Main Methods:

• Induction of bladder injury using PS in Wistar albino female rats.
• Administration of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) intraperitoneally.
• Assessment of bladder morphology via light and scanning electron microscopy.
• Biochemical analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels in bladder tissue.

Main Results:

• PS-induced injury showed ulceration, irregular mucus layer, and increased inflammatory and mast cells.
• AGE treatment significantly reduced these morphological changes.
• PS increased MDA levels, indicating oxidative stress, which was reversed by AGE.
• AGE treatment increased glutathione levels, suggesting enhanced antioxidant defense.

Conclusions:

• Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) demonstrates significant protective effects against protamine sulfate (PS)-induced bladder injury.
• AGE mitigates PS-induced morphological and biochemical damage, likely through its antioxidant properties.
• AGE represents a potential therapeutic agent for managing bladder injuries associated with oxidative stress.