Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Risk factors and clinical outcomes of pulmonary interstitial emphysema in extremely low birth weight infants

R P Verma1, S Chandra, R Niwas

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8111, USA. Rita.Verma@sunysb.edu

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|February 24, 2006
PubMed

Insights

High antenatal magnesium sulfate doses (Mg10) are linked to pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. This condition increases neonatal mortality risk in ELBW infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a significant respiratory complication in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
  • Understanding ante- and postnatal risk factors is crucial for improving outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ante- and postnatal risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with PIE in ELBW infants.
  • To evaluate the role of magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) administration in the development of PIE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-controlled study of consecutively admitted ELBW infants.
  • Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Infants with PIE exhibited lower Apgar scores, increased surfactant use, and higher oxygen and mean airway pressure requirements.
  • Higher antenatal doses of magnesium sulfate (Mg10) were independently associated with PIE (Odds ratio 19.8).
  • PIE was associated with increased neonatal mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is a significant risk factor for mortality in ELBW infants.
  • High-dose antenatal magnesium sulfate (Mg10) is an independent risk factor for PIE in ELBW infants.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...