Vitamin D as a neuroactive substance: review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Endocrinology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Vitamin D's established role in calcium metabolism and bone health has historically overshadowed its functions in other systems.
• Research bias has limited the understanding of vitamin D's broader physiological importance, particularly concerning the central nervous system.
• Vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its neuroactive properties and hormonal effects within the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on vitamin D's neuroactive properties.
• To highlight the clinical significance and research gaps concerning vitamin D's role in the central nervous system.
• To emphasize the need for further investigation into vitamin D's therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of current scientific journals.
• Systematic search of Medline and Cochrane Reviews databases.
• Theoretical discussion integrating research findings.

Main Results:

• Vitamin D acts as a neuroactive prohormone, regulating crucial cellular processes like differentiation and proliferation in the brain.
• It influences the central nervous system through wide-ranging hormonal effects, including the induction of nerve growth factor.
• Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent and may contribute to neuropsychiatric conditions.

Conclusions:

• The central nervous system is a significant target organ for vitamin D.
• Vitamin D's neuroactive properties warrant further investigation for potential therapeutic applications.
• Additional research is crucial to establish vitamin D's role in preventing and treating neuropsychiatric disorders safely and affordably.