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Reflections on the 1976 swine flu vaccination program.

David J Sencer1, J Donald Millar

  • 1Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. djud@mindspring.com

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|February 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary

In 1976, a swine flu outbreak at Fort Dix infected over 200 soldiers. This led to a mass vaccination campaign that was later canceled, offering lessons for future public health responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • The 1976 swine flu scare originated from an influenza-like illness in recruits at Fort Dix, New Jersey.
  • Identified virus strain A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1n1) was similar to the 1918 pandemic influenza virus.

Observation:

  • Serologic studies indicated over 200 soldiers were infected, confirming human-to-human transmission.
  • The events prompted a national public health decision for mass vaccination against the swine flu virus.

Findings:

  • The 1976 swine flu outbreak demonstrated rapid person-to-person transmission.
  • A large-scale vaccination program was initiated in response to the perceived pandemic threat.

Implications:

  • The review highlights policy and implementation successes and failures of the 1976 swine flu vaccination campaign.
  • Lessons learned are applicable to guiding future public health decisions, particularly concerning avian influenza preparedness.

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