[Apoptosis of immune system cells in tuberculosis infection]

The review summarizes information on the role of apoptosis in distinct cell subsets in tuberculosis infection. It is emphasizes that the apoptotic death of Mycobacterium-infected macrophages and immune T cells may have differences for the protection of the host. Macrophageal apoptosis may be considered as an important mechanism involved in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by reducing the viability of mycobacteria and inhibiting their spread in the organs. In contrast, elimination of mycobacteria-specific T cells through the apoptotic mechanism of activation-induced cell death rather prevents the long-term responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens, leading to the persistence of infection and unfavorable tuberculosis progression. The findings suggest the complexity of host-pathogen interactions and emphasize the importance of studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in protection and pathology.