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Executive function, working memory, and medication adherence among older adults.

Kathleen Insel1, Daniel Morrow, Barbara Brewer

  • 1University of Arizona, College of Nursing, P.O. 210203, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. insel@nursing.arizona.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|February 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive functions like executive function and working memory are key to older adults taking medications correctly. These assessments can identify individuals at risk for medication non-adherence.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Medication adherence is crucial for effective treatment in older adults.
  • Cognitive decline can negatively impact the ability to manage medications.
  • Identifying at-risk individuals is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between specific cognitive processes and medication adherence.
  • To determine if cognitive assessments can predict medication non-adherence in community-dwelling older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-five community-dwelling older adults (mean age 78) participated.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using measures of executive function, working memory, cued recall, and recognition memory.
  • Medication adherence was monitored for 8 weeks using an electronic medication-monitoring cap.

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Main Results:

  • A composite score of executive function and working memory significantly predicted medication adherence (beta =.44, p <.01).
  • Other cognitive measures did not show a significant association with adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function and working memory are important cognitive predictors of medication adherence in older adults.
  • Cognitive assessments can help identify older adults at risk for medication non-adherence.
  • These findings support the development of cognitive-based interventions to improve medication management in aging populations.