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Blood and urinary values in the gray squirrel.

G L Hoff1, L E McEldowny, W J Bigler

  • 1Bureaus of Preventable Diseases and Laboratories, Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Division of Health, P.O. Box 210, Jacksonville, Florida 32201, USA.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|July 1, 1976
PubMed
Summary

Blood and urine chemistry values for gray squirrels showed no significant differences based on age, sex, or environment. However, shock syndrome in squirrels was linked to low blood glucose and high blood urea nitrogen.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Wildlife Biology
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • Understanding the physiological parameters of wildlife is crucial for assessing health and environmental impacts.
  • Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are common urban wildlife, making them potential indicators of environmental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish baseline blood and urine chemistry values for a gray squirrel population in Jacksonville, Florida.
  • To investigate potential correlations between biochemical parameters and demographic or environmental factors.
  • To identify biochemical markers associated with shock syndrome in gray squirrels.

Main Methods:

  • Blood and urine samples were collected from wild gray squirrels.
  • Concentrations of various analytes including uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, proteins, lipids, electrolytes, and minerals were measured.

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  • Urine parameters such as pH, bilirubin, ketones, and glucose were analyzed.
  • Data were analyzed for significant differences based on age, sex, reproductive status, capture month, and habitat.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in blood or urine chemistry values were found when comparing squirrels by age, sex, breeding or lactation status, month of capture, or habitat type.
    • Squirrels exhibiting signs of shock syndrome displayed notably depressed blood glucose levels.
    • Elevated blood urea nitrogen levels were also observed in squirrels with shock syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • The established biochemical profiles provide a reference for gray squirrel health in this region.
    • Demographic and environmental factors assessed did not significantly influence the measured blood and urine parameters in healthy squirrels.
    • Shock syndrome in gray squirrels is characterized by specific biochemical alterations, including hypoglycemia and elevated blood urea nitrogen, suggesting potential diagnostic indicators.