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Related Experiment Videos

Mitochondrial data support an odd-nosed colobine clade.

Kirstin N Sterner1, Ryan L Raaum, Ya-Ping Zhang

  • 1Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY, USA.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|February 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Phylogenetic analysis of leaf-eating monkeys reveals a distinct "odd-nosed" clade, including proboscis monkeys. This study clarifies colobine evolutionary history and aids conservation efforts for these endangered primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate evolutionary biology
  • Molecular phylogenetics
  • Mammalian genomics

Background:

  • Leaf-eating monkeys, or colobines, represent a diverse primate group with debated evolutionary relationships.
  • Previous taxonomic proposals suggested grouping "odd-nosed" colobines (proboscis monkey, douc langur, snub-nosed monkey) based on morphology.
  • Molecular data has been lacking to test the monophyly of this proposed "odd-nosed" clade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of African and Asian colobines.
  • To molecularly test the monophyly of the "odd-nosed" colobine clade.
  • To determine the divergence times of major colobine lineages and the diversification of the "odd-nosed" clade.

Main Methods:

  • Mitochondrial genome sequencing of eight colobine species (two African, six Asian).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phylogenetic analyses employing parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods.
  • Molecular clock dating to estimate divergence times.

    • Main Results:

    • Phylogenetic analyses strongly support a monophyletic "odd-nosed" colobine clade comprising Nasalis, Pygathrix, and Rhinopithecus.
    • The genus Nasalis (proboscis monkey) shows tentative basal placement within the "odd-nosed" clade.
    • African and Asian colobine lineages diverged approximately 10.8 million years ago, with the "odd-nosed" clade diversifying around 6.7 million years ago.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides robust molecular evidence for the "odd-nosed" colobine clade, validating previous taxonomic hypotheses.
    • The findings illuminate the timing and patterns of colobine expansion and diversification in Asia.
    • This phylogenetic framework is crucial for informing conservation strategies for endangered colobine species.