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Body composition studies in patients with wasting associated with tuberculosis
Nicholas I Paton1, Yau-Ming Ng
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. nick.paton@ctu.mrc.ac.uk
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|February 28, 2006
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) wasting significantly reduces lean and fat mass, with greater lean loss in limbs and fat loss in the trunk. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection did not alter these body composition changes in TB patients.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Human physiology
- Infectious diseases
Background:
- Wasting is a common symptom of tuberculosis (TB).
- The specific changes in body composition associated with TB wasting are not well understood.
- Understanding these changes is crucial for managing TB patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify regional and whole-body composition in patients with TB and wasting.
- To compare body composition between TB patients and controls.
- To investigate the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on TB-related body composition alterations.
Main Methods:
- Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure body composition.
- The study included 18 patients with newly diagnosed TB and wasting.
- 22 controls were included, with 10 coinfected with HIV, similar to the TB group.
Main Results:
- Patients with TB and wasting had significantly lower body weight, lean body mass, and fat mass compared to controls.
- Lean tissue depletion was more pronounced in the limbs than the trunk.
- Fat tissue depletion was more pronounced in the trunk than the limbs, resulting in altered trunk-to-limb ratios for both lean and fat mass.
- No significant differences in body composition were observed between TB patients with and without HIV coinfection.
Conclusions:
- TB-related wasting involves substantial depletion of both lean and fat tissue.
- The distribution of tissue loss differs, with greater lean loss in limbs and greater fat loss in the trunk.
- HIV coinfection does not appear to modify the pattern or extent of body composition changes in TB patients.
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