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The relation between birth weight and insulin resistance in Korean adolescents

Chul-Sik Kim1, Jong-Suk Park, Jina Park

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea.

Yonsei Medical Journal
|February 28, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight in children is linked to higher insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes. This suggests adequate gestational nutrition is crucial for preventing long-term metabolic health issues.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Low birth weight is a known risk factor for adult insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
  • The fetal programming hypothesis posits that poor gestational environments lead to metabolic disturbances, with low birth weight as a key indicator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between birth weight and physiological characteristics in adolescents.
  • To assess insulin resistance markers in relation to birth weight categories in middle school students.

Main Methods:

  • A survey of 660 middle school students (12-15 years) in Seoul, Korea.
  • Random selection of 152 cases based on birth weight, divided into three tertiles.
  • Measurement of anthropometric data, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-beta.

Main Results:

  • While systolic blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, and HOMA-beta showed no significant differences, diastolic blood pressure was lower in the highest birth weight tertile.
  • Insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) were significantly higher in the lowest birth weight tertile.
  • After adjusting for confounding factors, lower birth weight was inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure, insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR.

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight may serve as a predictor for the risk and progression of insulin resistance into adulthood.
  • Ensuring adequate gestational nutrition is essential for preventing low birth weight and mitigating future metabolic risks.

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